MODERN MOVEMENT

(3d degree)


Modern Movement in the history of architecture becomes a discipline. The Industrial Revolution is the prelude and then defined their experience and their innovations.

EUROPE will be developed in the Bauhaus to experiment with industrial technologies. A search for simple ways to the nakedness of the structure.

In AMERICA there is an occupation of the territory and an industrial expansion, a wave of immigrants. It begins with the building height in the new typology of SKYCRAPER to solve the problems of density. The Chicago experience, with the skeleton structure. Meanwhile, we will also have residential architecture for the middle classes. Wright designed the prairie houses, an extended architecture over the landscape. The ORGANIC architecture.

With the 1st WORLD WAR will grow the need of houses and the price of the materials will grow so much. There will be solutions to resolve the problem of housing with MINIMAL space, lightness and good ventilation. This reform talks about a REVOLUTION TOWN PLANNING also, there is no trust on the street, the buildings are projected on a green leaf with open public spaces. In North America will appear the Greenbelts, residential areas and other solutions.

LE CORBUSIER. PESSAC. 1925

"The city should leave the streets, repudiating the courtyard and grow up in high to liberate the land"

For Le Corbusier "the ALL CITY is ARCHITECTURE" explores the organization, spatial relationships, forms and levels of activity. Something more far away than the simple evolution of a style. Inspired by the five points of Le Corbusier.
Le Corbusier is also an architect of sensibility.
An architectural symphony produced by the optical effects, including volumes, contours and colors.
Gray cement as compression of space.
Color as expancion of space.

Le Corbusier is missing that much more facts are influencing on the projection of a city, not only architectural aspects, also sociology, civil engineer...

MIES VAN DER ROHE. LAFAYETTE PARK. DETROIT 1955-63

DETROIT: The car industry and population growth is in closed relation with the development of city without previous planning, this makes Detroit to be a mess. It feels it is disappearing, african-americans migrate to work in industries and the rest of the population is looking for suburbs with less density and more open space. NO URBAN LIFE.

LAFAYETTE PARK IS AN URBAN PLANNING projected by HILBERSEIMER, MIES, CALDWELL and HERBERT. LE CORBUSIER would never thought to work with other specialists thinking that the city needs more than just architecture to be made. This is a rich experience.

-HILBERSEIMER. URBAN. Influence of Wright with decentralization, in the metropolitan area.

-Caldwell. LANDSCAPE. The influence of Wright on organic rules, depending on the natural laws.

-MIES. ARCHITECTURE. Influence of Wright buildings in extended horizontally.
Tradition of the brick, standardization of models, nakedness of the structure.

"Living in the suburbs in a city ... live in the city in a suburb"

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT. BROADACRE CITY. 1934

Context:
-The trauma of the CRISIS OF 29
-The tradition of land movement and BACK-TO-THE-LAND
-The model of Jefferson occupying single family houses over the lots of landscape.

"THE CITY THAT IS IN EVERYWHERE BUT ALSO IN NOWHERE"
"BROADACRE WILL BE BUILT BY NATURAL WAY"

The decentralization of the city in the territory incorporate separate activity areas with sun and ventilation.

Wright is not agree with vertical city of Le Corbusier as he believes that this one is fixing the places of the human activity. He proposes his tipology of houses over the territory.

But Wright did not see that Broadacre leads to fix also the time of each activity, even fun. We have created an ideal urban context for its architecture of Praire houses.
Broadacres already exists in these segregation of American cities as a suburban periphery. It is a lawless and without social classes that really needs to take shape, just a begining needed of planing, in suspension.